Abstract
Nowadays, 5G is in its initial phase of commercialization. The 5G network will revolutionize the existing wireless network with its enhanced capabilities and novel features. 5G New Radio (5G NR), referred to as the global standardization of 5G, is presently under the 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and can be operable over the wide range of frequency bands from less than 6GHz to mmWave (100GHz). 3GPP mainly focuses on the three major use cases of 5G NR that are comprised of Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication (uRLLC), Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC), Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB). For meeting the targets of 5G NR, multiple features like scalable numerology, flexible spectrum, forward compatibility, and ultra-lean design are added as compared to the LTE systems. This paper presents a brief overview of the added features and key performance indicators of 5G NR. The issues related to the adaptation of higher modulation schemes and inter-RAT handover synchronization are well addressed in this paper. With the consideration of these challenges, a next-generation wireless communication architecture is proposed. The architecture acts as the platform for migration towards beyond 5G/6G networks. Along with this, various technologies and applications of 6G networks are also overviewed in this paper. 6G network will incorporate Artificial intelligence (AI) based services, edge computing, quantum computing, optical wireless communication, hybrid access, and tactile services. For enabling these diverse services, a virtualized network slicing based architecture of 6G is proposed. Various ongoing projects on 6G and its technologies are also listed in this paper.
Highlights
The 5G networks are emerging as the foundation for industrial transformation in terms of digitalization and advance communication
The 5G technology is on the verge of its commercialization
The heterogeneous deployment of three different use cases poses various issues that can be handled by using the technique of network slicing on the basis of service demanded
Summary
The 5G networks are emerging as the foundation for industrial transformation in terms of digitalization and advance communication. The 4G LTE-A system ensures the DL data rate of up to 3Gb/s and UL data rate up to 1.5Gb/s with the connectivity of 600 users per cell approximately and latency of around 30-50 milliseconds [1] Due to these challenges, 4G networks were not capable of supporting. In Release 15, 3GPP has specified the frequency band allocated for the 5G network It has highlighted the three leading Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) that define various use cases of 5G NR. The three KPIs are eMBB, mMTC, and uRLLC [3] These use cases enable various services provided by the 5G network. The uRLLC services will open up various new capabilities of the network by extending its limits for reliability and latency. The present technologies of 5G systems form the basis for many new technologies in beyond 5G/ 6G network
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