Abstract
An effective battery management system (BMS) is indispensable for any lithium-ion battery (LIB) powered systems such as electric vehicles (EVs) and stationary grid-tied energy storage systems. Massive wire harness, scalability issue, physical failure of wiring, and high implementation cost and weight are some of the major issues in conventional wired-BMS. One of the promising solutions researchers have come up with is the wireless BMS (WBMS) architecture. Despite research and development on WBMS getting momentum more than a decade ago, it is still in a preliminary stage. Significant further upgradation is required towards developing an industry-ready WBMS, especially for high-power LIB packs. Therefore, an in-depth survey exclusively on WBMS architectures is presented in this article. The aim is to provide a summary of the existing developments as well as to present an informative guide to the research community for future developments by highlighting the issues, emerging trends, and challenges. In-depth analysis of the existing WBMS topologies will not only help the researchers to understand the existing challenges and future research scopes clearly but at the same time enthuse them to focus their research inclination in the domain of WBMS.
Highlights
Shell et al [13] proposed a Bluetooth communication-based wireless BMS (WBMS) where wireless communication was used between cell sensors and central controller instead of physical wired connections to minimize some of these challenges associated with the wired battery management system (BMS)
This study presented an in-depth literature survey of the wireless battery management system (WBMS) topologies realizing the promising future of WBMS over the traditional wired-BMS
Despite an assortment of WBMS topologies having been reported over the last decade, overall, very few efforts on WBMS have been made
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. CAN-bus communication requires a massive wire mesh to collect sensor data and transmit it to the master controller of BMS leading to very high implementation cost, weight, design complexity and the galvanic isolation of the cells. Troubleshooting in wired-BMS is difficult due to massive wirings These issues of wired-BMS started becoming more and more challenging with the increasing application of high-capacity LIB packs consisting of thousands of individual cells. Wireless BMS (WBMS) offers improved system reliability, lower weight and cost due to reduced wiring complexity, elimination of the requirement of galvanic isolations and physical connectors, especially for high capacity multicell battery packs [12]. Significant further research and development are required to achieve an industryready WBMS with optimum wire harness and weight, low cost, easy implementation, adequate data transfer rate, reliable and equipped with necessary functionalities.
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