Abstract
The increasing proliferation of advanced devices for UWB, 5G communication, micrometer-wave, and millimeter-wave communication demands an antenna which can handle huge data rates, provides high gain and stable radiation pattern as a panacea of most of the current wireless communication problems. Many different antenna designs have been proposed by the researchers but, Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna (AVA) has drawn the attention of most of the researchers because of its high gain, wide bandwidth, less radiation loss, and stable radiation pattern. Different methods are presented to make AVA more compact while maintaining the performance of an antenna to an acceptable level. These different methods are substrate choice, flare shape, slots, and feeding connectors. Also, AVA performance can be enhanced by incorporating corrugation, dielectric lens, patch in between two flares of AVA, balanced AVA (BAVA), metamaterial, computational intelligence (CI), and AVA array. The AVA performance enhancement techniques modify the electrical and physical properties of an antenna which in turn improves its performance. A large number of performance enhancement methods of AVA design have been proposed, however, no comprehensive study exists to categorize these performance enhancement techniques and outline their concepts, advantages, disadvantages, and applications. So, in this paper, we have attempted to outline all methods available for enhancing and optimizing the parameters of AVA. Additionally, to validate some of the important performance enhancement methods, they are incorporated in the basic conventional AVA design and further simulation results are obtained for the same which are in line with the surveyed literature. Each method is explained in detail by incorporating its key points, merits, and demerits. Moreover, illustrations from the literature are given to demonstrate improvement in the parameters as a result of applying a particular performance enhancement technique.
Highlights
Current wireless devices demand wide bandwidth, high data rate, and more capacity
We discussed various Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna (AVA) performance enhancement methods reported in the literature and they are analyzed based on the improvement of AVA parameters
These methods are based on the change in the physical geometry of an antenna which results in a change in various antenna parameters like size, gain, front to back ratio, bandwidth, radiation pattern, polarization, and operating frequency range
Summary
Current wireless devices demand wide bandwidth, high data rate, and more capacity. Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna (AVA) is a promising solution to different daunting tasks present in the current communication systems. Can operate at wide bandwidth with high and constant gain This designed Vivaldi antenna gave 10 dB gain and −20 dB sidelobe level over 2 to 40 GHz frequency range [1]. AVA is used by many researchers as compared to Vivaldi because of its high gain, high efficiency, low return loss, wide bandwidth, reduce sidelobe levels, it can operate at high frequencies, and provides stable radiation pattern. In order to increase the gain, several researchers are working on the gain enhancement techniques This motivated us to survey the performance enhancement methods of AVA like corrugation, metamaterial, array, dielectric lens, and parasitic patch to enhance the gain and other parameters of conventional AVA which already has advantages like simplicity, miniaturization, and low fabrication cost. The paper structure is as follows: Section 2 includes AVA performance enhancement methods, section 3 validates some of the important enhancement methods discussed in section 2, and section 4 concludes the paper
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