Abstract
Visible light communication (VLC) has become a promising technology for high data rate communications and an attractive complementary to conventional radio frequency (RF) communication. VLC is a secure, energy efficient and cost-effective technology that exploits the existing infrastructure, particularly in indoor environments, for wireless data transmission. Nevertheless, the main limitation of developing high data rate VLC links is the narrow modulation bandwidth of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which is in the megahertz range. The power domain nonorthogonal multiple access (PD-NOMA) scheme is envisioned to address several challenges in VLC systems. In this paper, we present a detailed overview of PD-NOMA based VLC systems. Moreover, we introduce insights on some PD-NOMA VLC system constraints and challenges such as power allocation, clipping effect, MIMO and security. Finally, we provide open research problems as well as possible directions for future research to pave the way for the implementation of PD-NOMA VLC systems.
Highlights
Sensors 2022, 22, 1395. https://The exponential increase of multimedia applications and wireless connected devices, due to the growth of mobile applications and the advent of the internet of things (IoT), produce an extraordinary growth in traffic demand which requires high-data-rate wireless connectivity [1,2]
Radio frequency (RF) communication in wireless networks suffers from limited spectrum resources, where most applications and services are congested in traditional radio frequency (RF) bandwidth sub 6.5 GHz as illustrated in Figure 1 [3]
In [51], the results showed that the performance of power domain nonorthogonal multiple access (PD-nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA)) outperforms orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) in terms of the achievable data rate, under perfect interference cancellation, in an indoor downlink Visible light communication (VLC) system with illumination constraints
Summary
The exponential increase of multimedia applications and wireless connected devices, due to the growth of mobile applications and the advent of the internet of things (IoT), produce an extraordinary growth in traffic demand which requires high-data-rate wireless connectivity [1,2]. Several features and technologies have opened up many possibilities to fulfill the anticipated requirement of 5G and beyond wireless networks [4] Some enabling techniques, such as advanced multiple access techniques, new modulation schemes, and massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), can improve the spectral efficiency of the conventional RF communication [5]. Another approach is to utilize the whole RF bandwidth, which extends from 3 kHz to 300 GHz, by exploiting the wide spectrum of millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands (20–100 GHz) to solve the contradiction between capacity requirements and spectrum shortage [5]. To overcome the modulation bandwidth issue effectively and realize the anticipated full potential of VLC systems, efficient development of high-order modulation techniques, frequency reuse, MIMO, and advanced multiple access schemes are proposed [24].
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