Abstract
To propose an efficient system for addressing water scarcity in a rural area through groundwater use, the information on water consumption and interpretation of groundwater quality are essential for estimating the optimal preparation of the comprehensive water system. Hence, this study aimed to estimate the current household domestic water consumption and groundwater quality index of currently accessed wells in a small rural community of Preyveng province, Cambodia as a practical and beneficial as well as a model for the water resource sector in rural areas. The questionnaire survey was designed as the main instrument for collecting the household water use as face-to-face interviews. The result showed that the average daily water consumption in the Preal commune is about 71 L per capita, which is almost two times lower than the minimum water quantity recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), 150 L/day per capita. Moreover, 100% of the households in this commune heavily rely on groundwater wells for domestic water use and more than 50% confirmed that they used raw groundwater as drinking water without a proposer treatment system. Approximately 70% of the people in Preal wishes to have a clean water supply and more than 80% of the household had a positive willingness to pay for clean water supply. In terms of groundwater quality in the Preal commune, it is mainly contaminated by iron, arsenic, fluoride, and manganese, which are mainly associated with human health effects from daily consumption. About 75% of groundwater wells are presented in poor conditions and were unsuitable for drinking purposes. Lastly, the suitable water treatment and supply should be considered in order to reduce the effects on people’s health as well as to improve living conditions.
Highlights
Over the past few decades, water scarcity has been experienced as a serious problem than ever on a local and global scale and relevant issues are well defined by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
This work was mainly divided into two main parts including the study of household water
This work was mainly divided into two main parts including the study of use by conducting a field survey questionnaire and assessment of groundwater quality by collecting secondary data for estimating water quality index and spatial variation map
Summary
Over the past few decades, water scarcity has been experienced as a serious problem than ever on a local and global scale and relevant issues are well defined by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). About 900 million people are estimated to not be access a qualified drinking water supply and 84% of them live in the Sustainability 2021, 13, 10071. Will increase significantly over the coming decades [2,3]. It has been concerned as a serious problem in many developing countries since the contaminated water and unhealthy sanitation practices (targets 6.1–6.3, targets 3.2 and 3.9) cause more than 10,000 deaths per day which 5000 children are under the age of five.
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