Abstract
WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) is an emerging technology that has unlimited potential for numerous application areas including military, crisis management, environmental, transportation, medical, home/ city automations and smart spaces. But energy constrained nature of WSNs necessitates that their architecture and communicating protocols to be designed in an energy aware manner. Sensor data collection through clustering mechanisms has become a common strategy in WSN. This paper presents a survey report on the major perspectives with which energy conservation mechanisms has been proposed in dynamic cluster based WSNs so far. All the solutions discussed in this paper focus on the cluster based protocols only.We have covered a vast scale of existing energy efficient protocols and have categorized them in six categories. In the beginning of this paper the fundamentals of the energy constraint issues of WSNs have been discussed and an overview of the causes of energy consumptions at all layers of WSN has been given. Later in this paper several previously proposed energy efficient protocols of WSNs are presented.
Highlights
Advancements made in communication technologies have enabled development of low-cost, low-power, small sized and multifunctional sensor nodes for WSNs
In LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy), the cluster setup is done in non-persistent CSMA mode while data transmissions are done in TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) scheduled slots [5]
We have further reduced the sizes of clusters by exploiting the redundant and overlapped sensing ranges, which occur due to the random placements of sensor nodes in the network
Summary
Advancements made in communication technologies have enabled development of low-cost, low-power, small sized and multifunctional sensor nodes for WSNs. On the other hand, this has created some very significant resource constraints in WSNs for example limited buffer size, bandwidth and power supplies of SN (Sensor Nodes). This has created some very significant resource constraints in WSNs for example limited buffer size, bandwidth and power supplies of SN (Sensor Nodes) These constraints create challenging issues when designing the hardware, software and architectures of WSNs. Amongst them, energy or power limitations are vital problems as in most cases batteries of the SN are not rechargeable or replaceable. Some relevant existing solutions along with distinct energy conserving proposed protocols have been discussed in this paper
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