Abstract
The very last wireless network technology, created to increase the speed and the connections responsiveness, the Fifth-Generation Network (5G) can transmit a great volume of data. It uses wireless broadband connections to support specific end-users and businesses services. It is specifically useful for the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), guaranteeing fast connections and security. The 5G network technology can be used to support Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications and applications on autonomous vehicles. It can enable information exchanges between vehicles and other infrastructures and people. It can also provide a more comfortable and safer environment and accurate traffic knowledge. The traffic ?ow can be improved, reducing pollution and accident rates. The cellular network can be associated with V2X as a communicating base to offer enhanced road safety and autonomous driving, and also to offer the IoV connections. This survey presents the 5G technology evolution, standards, and infrastructure associated with V2X ecosystem by IoV. In other words, it presents the IoV supported by 5G V2X communications, considering its architecture, applications and also the V2X features and protocols, as well as the modes, the evaluation and the technological support in such combination. The contribution of this paper is a systematized study about the interaction among these three contents: IoV, 5G, and V2X. Eighty four works were selected to present concepts, standards and to identify the ways to overcome challenges. This survey aims to guide the development of new 5G-V2X services and technologies dedicated to vehicle communications, and also to indicate future directions.
Highlights
The comfort of having vehicles, things, and people fully connected is the main goal of Internet of Vehicles (IoV) and V2X technologies
This survey is a study about the 5G technology evolution, its standards and the infrastructure associated with the V2X ecosystem by IoV
It points that only the LTE standardized by the Release 14 is still the safety core for V2X communications, despite the challenges such as low data rates, low Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and high latency, lack of multi-hop routing, and lack of ad hoc networking, noticed as compared to Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) and 4G
Summary
The comfort of having vehicles, things, and people fully connected is the main goal of IoV and V2X technologies. A 5G system is not just able to overcome previous generations in requirements such as capacity and latency, but it is going to allow new applications and usage scenarios with very different requirements on capacity, reliability, and latency such as scenarios with autonomous vehicles In this direction, it was proposed that the 5G vehicular network is going to be based on the integration of flexible and reconfigurable on-the-fly radio interfaces, so that the provided performance is going to include higher throughput, the possibility of sharing the same radio resources among users communicating through the infrastructure and V2V users, and the improvement of the spectrum usage and the overall system capacity. Besides much of the data passed to and from the connected car can make use of the cellular, there is a great collection of requirements and new technology challenges which the overcoming is seen as the step for 5G cellular networks
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