Abstract
The aim of the present work was to investigate the feasibility of applying the molecular imprinting polymer technique to the detection of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) using a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) transducer. A molecularly imprinted polypyrrole (MIPPy) film was prepared via electropolymerization of pyrrole onto a bare Au chip in the presence of a template DON molecule. Atomic force microscope SPR analysis showed that the MIPPy film was deposited homogeneously on the Au surface, with a thickness of 5 nm. The MIPPy–SPR sensor exhibited a linear response for the detection of DON in the range of 0.1–100 ng/mL (R2 = 0.988). The selectivity efficiency of the MIPPy film for DON and its acetylated analogs 3-ADON and 15-ADON was 100, 19, and 44%, respectively. The limit of detection for DON with the MIPPy–SPR for a standard solution was estimated at >1 ng/mL. These results suggest that the combination of SPR sensing with a MIPPy film as a synthetic receptor can be used to detect DON.
Highlights
Deoxynivalenol (3α,7α,15-trihydroxy-12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-en-8-one, DON) is one of the trichothecene mycotoxins, chemically characterized by a common tetracyclic 12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene skeleton
Because surface plasmon resonance (SPR) signals depend on the surface properties of the film, the molecularly imprinted polypyrrole (MIPPy) film formed should have a thickness and roughness that are adequate for the detection of DON using SPR [21,24,25]
The SPR responses increased in proportion to the electric charges applied, because of the change in refractive index near the SPR chip
Summary
Deoxynivalenol (3α,7α,15-trihydroxy-12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-en-8-one, DON) is one of the trichothecene mycotoxins, chemically characterized by a common tetracyclic 12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene skeleton. To reduce the intake of DON, at least 37 countries have established or proposed the regulatory limits or guidance levels for DON in foods and feeds [7,8]. The guidance level for cereal and finished cereal products intended for human consumption was established at 100 μg kg−1 to 2,000 μg kg−1 [7,8]. These limits are set to protect the supply and trade of agricultural products, especially grains, the development of rapid, reliable, and sensitive analytical methods for the determination of DON is necessary
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