Abstract

In this paper, histamine sensing by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy using an electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymer (E-MIP) of functionalized polyterthiophene and histamine is reported. The MIP histamine sensor showed good linear relationship (R 2 = 0.995) between the SPR angle shift and the logarithm of histamine concentration, ranging from 15 – 500 μg/mL, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.0 μg/mL and a calibration sensitivity of 44.6 m° per log μg/mL histamine. Results also showed higher binding affinity of histamine for the MIP sensor than for the non-imprinted (NIP) sensor indicating excellent specificity. Moreover, the selectivity of the MIP histamine sensor against some of its structural analogues was demonstrated.

Highlights

  • Histamine is a by-product of spoilage and a good indicator of temperature abuse and state of good manufacturing practices adopted in the handling of fish/shrimp harvests

  • The World Health Organization (WHO) standard for good hygienic practices (GHP) and hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) as applied to storing fish and shrimp products required that the level of histamine must be lower than 15 ppm [1]

  • Molecular imprinting technology involves the fabrication of materials called molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), which are capable of recognizing target molecules with high selectivity and affinity [7]

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Summary

Introduction

Histamine is a by-product of spoilage and a good indicator of temperature abuse and state of good manufacturing practices adopted in the handling of fish/shrimp harvests. Conventional methods for histamine detection include HPLC [2], spectrofluorometry [3], colorimetry [4], ELISA [5], and the widely-accepted AOAC fluorometric method [6]. Every time there is a change in the evanescent region (e.g. presence of analytes interacting with the MIP), the SPR angle changes. This is the basis of SPR for biosensing applications [8]. The development of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) histamine sensor using ultrathin films of electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymer (EMIP) of functionalized polyterthiophene and histamine is reported

MIP fabrication
Chemical reagents
Performance evaluation of the fabricated EMIP histamine sensor
Evaluation of the analytical performance of the histamine MIP sensor
Conclusions
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