Abstract

The X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) have stimulated the growing interest of researchers in different fields. This gives rise to an increasing simulation work of design and optimization of FEL facilities and demonstrations of novel FEL ideas. Most of the multi-dimensional simulation codes in use require large computational resources, while one-dimensional simulation codes can merely give an acceptable description of the FEL amplification process. This paper presents the development of a super-fast time-dependent FEL simulation code, which is mainly designed for seeded FEL and its application on a seed FEL facility. The diffraction factors have been introduced in order to model the effects of radiation field diffraction and drastically simplified the working equations. Meanwhile, a specially designed module for seeded FEL has been added in order to study the laser-electron beam interactions with arbitrarily parameters. The code can also provide a fairly accurate, quasi-real-time assistant tool for online optimization.

Highlights

  • The X-ray free-electron laser (FEL) has been recognized as a unique X-ray source of choice for experts when exploring the structures and dynamics of atomic and molecular systems at femtosecond time scales

  • The commonly used multi-dimensional FEL codes can be roughly categorized as slowly varying envelope approximation (SVEA) simulation codes (GENESIS 1.3 [4], GINGER [5], FAST [6], RON [7], SIMPLEX [8], MINERVA [9]), and particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation codes (Puffin [10])

  • Various examples have been considered and it is safe to conclude that the field phase difference between the central and the edge of the electron beam after one FEL gain length is smaller than 3◦

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Summary

A Super-Fast Free-Electron Laser Simulation Code for Online Optimization

Li Zeng 1,2 , Chao Feng 3, *, Xiaofan Wang 4,5 , Kaiqing Zhang 3 , Zheng Qi 3 and Zhentang Zhao 3. College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China. Received: 26 October 2020; Accepted: 24 November 2020; Published: 27 November 2020

Introduction
The Initial Particle Generation from Shot-Noise
The FODO Lattice and Undulator Tapering
Modulator and Dispersion Section
Fast Sinusoidal Modulation
Single-Particle Tracking Modulation
Radiation Diffraction
The Working Equations
Validation
Example Simulations
Implementation at SXFEL
Conclusions

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