Abstract
Vortex lattice motion driven by alternating forces on asymmetric pinning potentials generates a net flow of vortices. This rectifier (ratchet) effect is studied in hybrid samples fabricated with arrays of Fe single-crystal nanotriangles embedded in Nb films. In these samples two different asymmetric potentials generate the ratchet effect: (i) potentials with geometric asymmetry and (ii) potentials with magnetic asymmetry. The asymmetry of the geometric potential cannot be manipulated, but the asymmetry of the magnetic potential can be tailored. In geometric ratchet interstitial vortices play a crucial role and they permit tuning the output voltage polarity. In magnetic ratchet the output voltage amplitude can be controlled by tailoring the magnetic stray field configurations due to different magnetic remanent states of the Fe single-crystal nanostructures. These configurations are modified by changing the direction of the saturating applied field and also by using different orientations of the Fe magnetocrystalline easy axes within the triangles. When both mechanisms coexist, the geometric potential governs the rectifier effect behaviour.
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