Abstract

Let p be a prime. We define S(p) the smallest number k such that every positive integer is a sum of at most k squares of integers that are not divisible by p. In this article, we prove that \(S(2)=10\), \(S(3)=6\), \(S(5)=5\), and \(S(p)=4\) for any prime p greater than 5. In particular, it is proved that every positive integer is a sum of at most four squares not divisible by 5, except the unique positive integer 79.

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