A Submillimeter Perspective on the GOODS Fields (SUPER GOODS). IV. The Submillimeter Properties of X-Ray Sources in the CDF-S

Abstract

Abstract The Chandra Deep Field (CDF)-S is the deepest X-ray image available and will remain so for the near future. We provide a spectroscopic (64.5%; 64% with spectral classifications) and photometric redshift catalog for the full 7 Ms sample, but much of our analysis focuses on the central (off-axis angles <5.′7) region, which contains a large, faint ALMA sample of 75 > 4.5σ 850 μm sources. We measure the 850 μm fluxes at the X-ray positions using the ALMA images, where available, or an ultradeep SCUBA-2 map. We find that the full X-ray sample produces ∼10% of the 850 μm extragalactic background light. We separate the submillimeter-detected X-ray sources into star-forming galaxies and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) using a star formation rate (SFR) versus X-ray luminosity calibration for high-SFR galaxies. We confirm this separation using the X-ray photon indices. We measure the X-ray fluxes at the accurate positions of the 75 ALMA sources and detect 70% at >3σ in either the 0.5–2 or 2–7 keV bands. However, many of these may produce both their X-ray and submillimeter emission by star formation. Indeed, we find that only 20% of the ALMA sources have intermediate X-ray luminosities (rest-frame 8–28 keV luminosities of 1042.5–1044 erg s−1), and none has a high X-ray luminosity (>1044 erg s−1). Conversely, after combining the CDF-S with the CDF-N, we find extreme star formation (SFR > 300 M ⊙ yr−1) in some intermediate X-ray luminosity sources but not in any high X-ray luminosity sources. We argue that the quenching of star formation in the most luminous AGNs may be a consequence of the clearing of gas in these sources.