Abstract
The current study was evaluated for the hepatoprotective activity of probiotics, prebiotics alone, and synbiotic of them. Animals were grouped into 12 groups (n = 6), i.e. normal control (NC), disease control (DC), treatment with prebiotics, probiotics alone, and synbiotic of them, and standard marketed hepatoprotective Silymarin along with Synbiotic 2000. All treatments were orally administered daily for 28 days. On the 28th day, all animals except the NC group received carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) (1 ml/kg, i.p.). Levels of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, total protein, lactate dehydrogenase, and urea were evaluated. The tissues were evaluated for oxidative markers levels of catalase (CAT), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and glutathione (GSH), and total protein. Histopathology of tissues was carried out. Compositional analysis of intestinal microbiota was done by 16S amplicon sequencing. CCl4 caused elevation in SGPT, SGOT, ALP, total bilirubin, urea, and lactate dehydrogenase in the DC group which was prevented with pretreatment of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics. Total protein was decreased in serum and tissues after administration of CCl4 which was restored with pretreatment of test substances. Oxidative marker LPO was increased in the DC group and catalase (CAT) and GSH were also depleted in liver tissue. These changes were prevented in pretreated test groups. The histological change in hepatic parenchyma and hepatocytes was minimal in test groups compared to DC. The 16S amplicon sequencing indicated that Lactobacillus acidophilus and prebiotic treatment effectively displaced Staphylococcus. Results suggested that the use of prebiotics, probiotics alone, and synbiotic of them has a protective effect against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
Highlights
The liver is the largest vital organ that protects the body from various metabolic diseases and toxic substances
We have evaluated the efficacy of probiotics Lactococcus lactis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Lactobacillus plantarum and prebiotics such as inulin, FOS, and lactulose alone as well as the synbiotic, that is, association of all above
Our results suggest that the use of Lactococcus lactis subspecies cremoris, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Lactobacillus plantarum and prebiotics inulin, FOS, lactulose, and test synbiotic has a protective effect against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats
Summary
The liver is the largest vital organ that protects the body from various metabolic diseases and toxic substances. Exposure to xenobiotics and therapeutic reagents results in liver inflammation, necrosis, cirrhosis, fibrosis, and functional weakening of the liver (Ashoush et al, 2013; Eidi et al, 2012; Sun and Karin, 2008). Increased oxidative stress in the liver is responsible for hepatic fibrosis. Management of oxidative stress is useful in protection against hepatic fibrosis (Nieto et al, 1999). Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is responsible for increasing oxidative stress in liver tissue and causes injury to the liver, and, is used as an animal model for evaluation of the effectiveness of drugs against liver fibrosis (Hernández-Muñoz et al, 1990; Neubauer et al, 1998; Poli, 2000; Reeves and Friedman, 2002)
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
