Abstract
Objective: The objective of our study was to assess the variations in contrast sensitivity values of normoglycemic subjects and that of type II diabetic subjects of the same age group. It was also aimed at finding the visual acuities and study the associations of it with contrast sensitivity if any.
 Methods: It was a hospital-based comparative cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in the out-patient department of the Department of Ophthalmology, Saveetha Medical College, Hospital, Chennai. Visual Acuity and Contrast Sensitivity of 50 Type II Diabetic individuals and 50 age-equivalent control group subjects were measured using the Snellen’s chart and Pelli-Robson chart, respectively, during the months of January to March 2020.
 Results: Contrast Sensitivity measurements from 50 subjects with Non-Insulin dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) were obtained. The subjects were the ones who had minimal or no diabetic retinopathy. It was observed that there is a significant association between reduced contrast sensitivity and Diabetes (P value<.00008). We also noted that CS may be reduced without corresponding loss of Visual Acuity. Hence, both visual acuity and contrast sensitivity measurements are helpful in the assessment of visual impairment due to diabetic eye disease.
 Conclusion: The contrast sensitivity can be seen as an early marker for visual impairment in diabetic eye care.
Highlights
Metabolic disease resulting from inability of pancreas to produce insulin or resistance of organs to Insulin [1]
According to 2019 WHO study, Globally, approx 422 million people suffer from diabetes, the majority living in low-and middle-income countries, and 1.6 million deaths are directly attributed to diabetes each year [1]
This study comprised of 50 Diabetic and 50 Non-Diabetic subjects
Summary
Metabolic disease resulting from inability of pancreas to produce insulin or resistance of organs to Insulin [1]. Uncontrolled and long-standing diabetes results into hyperglycemia, which causes damage to various organs. High blood glucose can lead to complications like diabetic eye disease, which includes diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, cataracts and glaucoma. Diabetic Retinopathy is a common consequence of Diabetes and is among the major causes of preventable blindness in India [2], emerging as the diabetic capital of the world [3]. Nationwide, roughly 72.96 million adults are Diabetic. As per Indian Heart Association, In India 109 Million people would have Diabetes by the end of the year 2035 [4]. The prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in urban population was found to be 18% [3]
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