Abstract
This study simulated a series of bifurcation tunnel fire scenarios using the numerical code to investigate the temperature profile of bifurcation tunnel fire under natural ventilation. The bifurcation tunnel fire scenarios considered three bifurcation angles (30°, 45°, and 60°) and six heat release rates (HRRs) (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 MW). According to the simulation results, the temperature profile with various HRRs and bifurcation angles was described. Furthermore, the effects of bifurcation angles and HRRs on the maximum temperature under the bifurcation tunnel ceiling and the temperature decay along the longitudinal direction of the branch were investigated. According to the theoretical analysis, two prediction models were proposed. These models can predict a bifurcation tunnel fire’s maximum temperature and longitudinal temperature decay in the branch. The results of this study could be valuable for modelling a bifurcation tunnel fire and benefit the fire engineering design of bifurcation tunnels.
Highlights
In recent years, improvements to urban underground transportation networks have led to the increased complexity of tunnels [1, 2]
When heat release rates (HRRs) is 5 MW, the sidewall of the bifurcation tunnel has no limitation to the isotherm, and the isotherm concentrates at the middle of the main tunnel ceiling
This study investigated the influence of the bifurcation angle on the maximum temperature of bifurcation tunnel fires
Summary
Improvements to urban underground transportation networks have led to the increased complexity of tunnels [1, 2]. Gao et al [23] investigated a tunnel fire’s longitudinal and transverse temperature distribution by model-scale experiments. Liu et al [25] conducted full-scale fire experiments and investigated the temperature distribution in a bifurcation tunnel node area. Liu et al [26] carried out modelscale experiments and full-scale simulations to study the influence of metro tunnel inclination on tunnel fire smoke temperature under natural ventilation. Lei et al [32] investigated the effect of fire locations on the temperature distribution of a bifurcation tunnel fire through small-scale experiments. This study conducted a series of full-scale simulations using the numerical code to investigate the temperature profile characteristics of bifurcation tunnel fires under natural ventilation. These equations can predict the maximum temperature of bifurcation tunnel fire and the temperature decay along the longitudinal direction of the branch, respectively
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