Abstract
Long chain Per-poly fluorinated alkyl substances are extremely persistent micropollutants that are detected worldwide. Electrocoagulation technique was used investigated for the removal of refractory long chain perflourodecanoic acid (C10) (PFDA) in simulated water. Hybrid electrode system, Fe-Al-Fe-Al, in a bipolar series (BP-S) connection found as best key conditions and could be achieved removal efficiency of 99.96 % of PFDA with an energy consumption of 0.31 kWh/kg. Additionally, oxidation effect on PFDA (C10) was observed, and for the first-time various intermediates generated in ng/L during PFDA (C10) degradation was evaluated in aqueous solution after 30 min of electrolysis. Moreover, the performance of Fe-Al-Fe-Al on PFDA removal was verified by zeta potential, and SEM-EDX analysis. Finally, kinetic, and isotherm parameters were calculated. The second order rate constant showed a maximum rate constant of 0.081 L/mg-min (R2 = 0.999) with bipolar Fe-Al-Fe-Al experimental conditions. The Langmuir isotherm model predictions matched satisfactorily with the experimental observations. The mainly mechanism was adsorption, and precipitation primarily due to hydrophobic interaction of PFDA and FeAl metal hydroxide flocs followed by mild oxidation effect. The energy consumption of bipolar Fe-Al-Fe-Al electrocoagulation process was also calculated, demonstrating that this method is not energy demanding.
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