Abstract
This short communication focuses on the potential use of paper sludge ash, a waste product of the paper making industry, as an innovative binder partially replacing cement in concrete with glass aggregate. After preliminary testing using binary or ternary CEM-II mixes with paper sludge ash/pulverised fly ash, a suitable mix for concrete with glass aggregate was identified. Concrete mixes with partial or full natural sand replacement by waste glass aggregate were then produced and showed appropriate strengths and overall similar or better water absorption characteristics than control mixes with natural aggregates, without manifest alkali-silica reaction problems. This shows potential for applications in precast dry mix concrete units based on the required strengths that were achieved.
Highlights
Introduction iewDiscarded municipal post-consumer container glass was one of the first materials to be collected and recovered as glass is chemically inert, not biodegradable and thermally stable; this allows for infinite reprocessing operations
The mixes would only be suitable for roller compacted/zero slump dry mix concrete e.g. for precast units
paper sludge ash (PSA) did not adversely affect water absorption
Summary
Introduction iewDiscarded municipal post-consumer container glass was one of the first materials to be collected and recovered as glass is chemically inert, not biodegradable and thermally stable; this allows for infinite reprocessing operations (recovery/reuse). Theoretically the entire amount of recovered waste glass could be reused for new glass manufacture. Only colour-sorted and contamination-free waste glass is reusable in the glass industry; if distances between collection points and glass molding facilities are long reuse of post-consumer glass in the glass industry is further prevented. This leads to an increasing amount of waste glass surplus in the form of glass cullet, i.e. mixed-coloured glass fragments from the breakage of coloured glass containers (mainly from food, juice, beer and liquor bottles i.e. about 10% of the average UK household waste volume) that glass. Glass cullet aggregate was reused as a partial or full replacement of natural aggregate in concrete already in the seventies but it was soon discovered that this could lead to deleterious Alkali-Silica Reactions (ASR) between alkali oxides in the cement and the reactive silica in glass aggregate, structural weakness and cracks affecting concrete durability
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