Abstract
In the presented manuscript, the method of production, mechanism of action and the potential fertilizing effect of fertilizer soil microgranules, characterized by a controlled release of ingredients, that were produced from thermally processed bone waste and protein were described. The prepared fertilizer was tested in 3 doses in a pot experiment and thereafter the selected dose of 30 kg ha−1 was utilized in field conditions. The applied dose of fertilizer caused an average increase of maize yield of 620 kg ha−1 (grain moisture 14%). It was found that the obtained increase of maize did not result from the amount of supplied micro and macro elements to the soil, but it was a consequence of the fertilizer’s mechanism of action. It was shown that the release of nitrogen in ammonium form from protein degradation due to the influence of fertilizer components and water had impact on the intensive growth and development of plant root system. This resulted in an increase in plant resistance to water stress during the growing season and consequently, greater yield. The developed soil fertilizer (produced mainly from the processed waste) with the proposed mechanism of action should be successfully applied in fertilizing plants that are grown in areas characterized by cyclical water shortages during the growing season
Highlights
The intensification of agricultural production observed in recent years results in increased consumption of fertilizers, mainly mineral ones
Sewage sludge may be one source of this raw material [7,8], as well as thermally processed bone waste [9] and bottom sediments of rivers and lakes [10,11], which can be used as renewable raw materials in the production of fertilizers under EBPR [12,13]
I.e., thermally processed bone waste and lake chalk for fertilizer production were subjected to grinding in a jet mill, reaching an average particle size below (
Summary
The intensification of agricultural production observed in recent years results in increased consumption of fertilizers, mainly mineral ones. There are commonly known products which are based on the protein biomass of various origin, converted mainly to ammonia, as a result of the impact of highly alkaline substances, such as CaO or Ca(OH)2 [18] Nitrogen in this form can be directly used by plants without nitrification, because it is released in a controlled manner, limited in time. Given the unfavorable thermal conditions prevailing just after sowing the maize, as well as the water shortages observed in recent years in Europe in this period, it is preferable to use initial fertilization This fertilization counteracts adverse conditions for maize growth and increases the concentration of nutrients, which are missing in close proximity to the roots, necessary for proper plant growth [23,24,25]. The fertilizer was tested in both pot and field experiments
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