Abstract
The main aim of the article is determinate the safety for use the anthropogenic raw materials such as ashes and slags produced in waste incineration plants and possibilities of they using for manufacturing building materials. The article presents the results of research on physicochemical properties of ashes and slags produced in waste incineration plants. The research methods used were: water leaching, radioactivity, dioxins and furans content, oxide and phase composition. The major treatment for investigated waste is a high level of leaching of harmful substances and the content of dioxins and furans. It is necessary to take appropriate measures to develop procedures for safe processing and storage of this type of materials. As shown in the research, ashes from the two investigated waste incinerators do not meet the requirements for leaching levels for hazardous waste landfills. These wastes must undergo processing to reduce to an appropriate level of leaching. Referring to the sum of dioxins in soils in urban areas, which is from 5 to 10 ng / kg, it can be stated that the waste tested contains very high dioxin contents and is hazardous waste. Working with this kind of waste requires special precautions. The ashes from waste incineration plants exceed this limit several dozen times (eg 221 ng I-TEQ / kg). Due to very high values of leaching and dioxin content in the raw materials, even the rinsing process does not guarantee the possibility of obtaining waste that could be stored in hazardous waste landfills. The article suggests the further way of safety processing this kind of materials.
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