Abstract
The deployment of highly efficient cooling equipment is expected to promote energy savings and greenhouse gas emissions reductions in the tropics. A ground source heat pump (GSHP) has high energy-savings potential for use in Bangkok, Thailand. This study aimed to elucidate the operational conditions of a GSHP when used in Bangkok which was expected to achieve a higher efficiency than an air source heat pump (ASHP) over the long term. An operational experiment on a pilot facility in Bangkok and a simulation over a three-year GSHP operation were conducted. As a result of the operational experiment and simulation, the proposed operational condition was that the 90th percentile value of the hourly heat pump (HP) inlet temperature did not exceed 5 °C above that of the hourly annual ambient temperature during the third year of operation. When a GSHP designed based on this condition was utilized for a small government building, the required number of boreholes were 24, 4, and 3 for air-conditioned areas of 200, 40, and 25 m2, respectively, which achieved 40% energy savings. Thus, a small-scale GSHP in Bangkok designed based on the proposed condition can achieve high efficiency within space limitations.
Highlights
The energy demand in Thailand is expected to increase owing to its future economic growth.The Ministry of Energy in Thailand has reported that their energy demand is expected to increase by 78% compared with 2014 by 2036 [1]
Results and According to the ground source heat pump (GSHP) design guidelines provided by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, 3.1
Bythe combining the results the previous section, we found that it is crucial to design and operate the so that the inlet obtained in the previous section, we found that it is crucial to design and operate the GSHP so that the heat pump (HP) inlet temperature does not exceed 5 °C above the ambient temperature after the increase in the subsurface temperature is mitigated
Summary
The energy demand in Thailand is expected to increase owing to its future economic growth. The Ministry of Energy in Thailand has reported that their energy demand is expected to increase by 78% compared with 2014 by 2036 [1]. Thailand has set a goal of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 20–25% compared with the 2030 baseline established in the Paris Agreement, which was adopted in 2015 [2]. In Thailand, energy consumption accounts for approximately 70% of GHG emissions, of which approximately 40% are emitted by energy industries such as those involved in power generation [3]. Considering the high humidity in Bangkok as well, there is a cooling demand throughout the year; air conditioning accounts for a large portion of the energy consumption. Approximately 24% of the electricity consumption in Thailand stems from the commercial sector, of which more than half is consumed by commercial buildings [5]
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