A Study on the Institutional Transformation of Korean Film Policy Regime - Focusing on the relationship between social democratization and the growth of the film industry

Abstract

본 연구는 역사적 제도주의 관점에서 한국 영화정책 체계의 제도적 전환을 기술하였다. 비교역사적 방법을 통해 역사적 시기를 구분하고 시기별 차이와 정책실행 결과를 살펴봄으로써 한국 영화산업이 성장할 수 있었던 정책 변수와 동력을 찾고자 하였다. 한국 영화정책 체계는 1961년에서 1984년까지의 정부 주도적(government-led) 시기, 1985년 영화시장 개방부터 1998년까지의 제도적 전환기, 1999년부터 현재까지의 시장주도적(market-led) 시기로 구분할 수 있다. 1980년대 이후의 사회 민주화는 검열제도를 비롯한 불합리한 규제를 폐지하고 진흥 중심의 정책 거버넌스를 구축하였으며, 민주화 운동을 경험한 세대가 영화계에 진출하여 정책 활동에 참여할 수 있는 정책 통로를 제공했다. 정책 체계의 제도적 전환은 정책의 가능성과 행위자들의 전략을 변화시켜 시장개방의 위기를 딛고 산업이 성장할 수 있었던 간접적이지만 결정적인 동력이되었다.This study took a comparative historical approach to the Korean film policy regime from the perspective of historical institutionalism. Through this, this tried to find out what the policy variables and forces were that helped the Korean film industry overcome its market opening in the 1980s and subsequent downturns. The Korean film industry has made an institutional transformation from a government-led system to a market-led system in the wake of the market opening that began in 1985. The opening of the film market caused a crisis in the Korean film industry, but it also served as a crucial junctures in dismantling the institutional equilibrium of the policy system established under the leadership of the authoritarian government since the 1960s. Social democratization after the mid-1980s became an indirect but decisive driving force for the success of the film industry, setting the backdrop for industrial capital and up-andcoming personnel to cooperate in the film industry. The change in the political system served as an opportunity to abolish unreasonable regulations, including the censorship system, and to establish policy governance centered on promotion and support, and to provide channels for people who experienced democratic movements to enter the film industry and participate in policy activities. An internal variable that produced unintended consequences of policies by refraction of external environmental changes in the Korean film industry s market opening is the change in the political system caused by the democratization of Korean society.