Abstract
Construction of borehole wells in rural areas and equipping them with hand pumps is one major implementation of Kandy District Water Supply and Sanitation Project which was commenced under the consultancy services of the Government of Finland and The Government of Sri Lanka. A study was carried out to find the variation of hand force which should be applied by the consumers to the end of the handle of the hand pump to lift water. About 200 hand pump borehole wells which have been equipped with INDIA MARK II type hand pumps were selected randomly for this study. Attempts were made to determine the suitable conditions for pump installation depth and easy operational conditions. Linear relationships among the theoretical force, dynamic water level and the pump installation depth for the INDIA MARK II type hand pump were found using the available data. Assuming the average ratio between the actual and theoretical hand forces is two, the maximum pump installation depth and its maximum difference with the dynamic water level to minimize the force were found as 39 meters and 10 meters respectively.
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