A Study on the Influence of Lithium Plating on Battery Degradation

Upender Rao Koleti,Sanghamitra Moharana,Chaou Tan,Truong Quang Dinh,Ashwin Rajan,James Marco

doi:10.3390/en13133458

Abstract

Within Li-ion batteries, lithium plating is considered as one of the main reasons behind the capacity fade that occurs during low temperature and fast charging conditions. Previous studies indicate that plating is influenced by the levels of loss of lithium inventory (LLI) and the loss of active material (LAM) present in a battery. However, it is not clear from the literature on how lithium plating influences battery degradation in terms of LAM and LLI. Quantifying the undesirable impacts of lithium plating can help in understanding its impact on battery degradation and feedback effects of previous lithium plating on the formation of present plating. This study aims to quantify the degradation modes of lithium plating: LLI, LAM at the electrode level. A commercial Li-ion cell was first, aged using two different cases: with and without lithium plating. Second, a degradation diagnostic method is developed to quantify the degradation modes based on their measurable effects on open-circuit voltage (OCV) and cell capacity. The results highlight that LAMNE and LLI levels under the fast charge profile are increased by 10% and 12%, respectively, compared to those under the less aggressive charge profile. Further, limitations of the degradation analysis methods are discussed.

Highlights

Lithium-ion batteries, usually employ graphite as their negative electrode (NE) material and have been widely used in mobile devices due to their superior properties, such as high energy density and long cycle life [1,2]
Unlike the previous studies [4,12] indicating that level can result from lithium inventory (LLI) is the dominant outcome of lithium plating, this study demonstrates that LAMliNE is the most critical degradation mode under the influence of lithium plating
Further study is required to quantify the surface areas and capacities of both the electrodes in a full-cell and include the LR factor in the matching procedure. Different aging mechanisms such as SEI growth, lithium plating and mechanical stresses in lithium-ion cells are known to result in three classifications of degradation modes, namely: LLI, LAMPE

Summary

Introduction

Lithium-ion batteries, usually employ graphite as their negative electrode (NE) material and have been widely used in mobile devices due to their superior properties, such as high energy density and long cycle life [1,2]. Towards the end of charging or just after charging, when the negative electrode potential (NEP) rises above the Li reference potential, a portion of the plated lithium is known to return to the electrode. The irreversible component may react further with the electrolyte or become electrically isolated from the electrode, creating a pool of inactive metallic lithium [7]. It is well understood how operating conditions of the battery such as charge current, temperature and aging condition influence the NEP and lithium plating [3,8]. The irreversible plating that reacts with the electrolyte or become electrically isolated from the electrode, lead to a reduction of cyclable lithium between the electrodes

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