Abstract
LoRaWAN is one of the leading Low power wide area network (LPWAN) LPWAN technologies that compete for the formation of big scale Internet of Things (IoT). It uses LoRa protocol to achieve long range, low bit rate and low power communication. Large scale LoRaWAN based IoT deployments can consist of battery powered sensor nodes. Therefore, the energy consumption and efficiency of these nodes are crucial factors that can influence the lifetime of the network. However, there is no coherent experimental based research which identifies the factors that influence the LoRa energy efficiency at various nodes density. In this paper, results on measuring the packet delivery ratio, packet loss, data rate and energy consumption ratio ECR to gauge the energy efficiency of LoRa devices at various nodes density are presented. It is shown that the ECR of LoRa is inversely proportional to the nodes density and that the ECR of the network is smaller at higher traffic indicating better network energy efficiency. It is also demonstrated that at high node density, spreading factor SF of 7 and 9 can improve the energy efficiency of the network by 5 and 3 times, respectively, compare to SF 11.
Highlights
The demand of Internet of Things (IoT) devices is expected to grow exponentially in the decade fuelled by the industry sector [1]-[3]
The energy consumption ratio (ECR) metrics will be used to assess if the performance benefits obtained by increasing node density outweigh the additional energy consumed by the networks [19]
In this research it is found that adding additional nodes in the network will improve the energy efficiency as measured in Joules per bytes for LoRa and LoRaWAN
Summary
The demand of IoT devices is expected to grow exponentially in the decade fuelled by the industry sector [1]-[3]. There are various IoT protocols with varying degree of performance in terms of latency, coverage, range and energy consumption. One such protocol is LoRaWAN (Low Power WAN Protocol for the Internet of Things) which uses LoRa to interact with gateways through a single hop. LoRaWAN is one of the leading LPWAN technologies that compete for the formation of big scale IoT. LoRaWAN is a data-link layer with long range, low bit rate and low power. It is expected to provide a solution iJIM ‒ Vol 15, No 14, 2021
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