Abstract
Abstract Groundwater samples were collected from the Peenya Industrial area of Bengaluru, India to test its quality, elemental composition and inherent bacterial population. Further analysis was done using GIS Based Geostatistical techniques to study the level of groundwater and to generate various maps of lineament, digital elevation, geomorphology, soil erosion, salt affected areas and water logging in this region. Physical and chemical parameters such as Total Dissolved Solids, pH, temperature, BOD, COD, metal ions present in the water samples were studied along with predominant microbial constituents. The Total Dissolved Solids and Total Hardness were far beyond the maximum concentration levels. Further analysis of the isolated bacteria was done using staining methods and biochemical tests. The results obtained showed that the area under study had wells ranging from shallow to deep heights of 30 to 80 meters, with a wide variety of 10-400 LPM; whereas the lineament map suggested that the area was bound with parallel ridges and joints. The geographical data represented pediplain complexes, anthropogenic terrains and water bodies. The area was found to go through a seasonal water logging and the soil loss was due to sheet erosion and rill erosion. It was also observed that the groundwater was contaminated with heavy metals such as lead, chromium etc. along with a diversified bacterial population.
Highlights
Groundwater contributes to about eighty percent of the drinking water requirements in rural areas, fifty percent of urban water requirements and more than fifty percent of the irrigation requirements of the nation, but due to rapid industrialization and population explosion the groundwater quality and quantity have been significantly affected and overexploited (JAISHANKAR ET AL., 2014; MATHEW ET AL., 2016). 90% of the rural and 30% of the urban population depends upon groundwater for their domestic requirements (SHAH ET AL., 2003)
Data obtained from satellite through remote sensing techniques provided a much better understanding of groundwater movement and localization by
There was found to be a varied range of wells when studied in terms of yield denoted as litres per minute (LPM)
Summary
Groundwater contributes to about eighty percent of the drinking water requirements in rural areas, fifty percent of urban water requirements and more than fifty percent of the irrigation requirements of the nation, but due to rapid industrialization and population explosion the groundwater quality and quantity have been significantly affected and overexploited (JAISHANKAR ET AL., 2014; MATHEW ET AL., 2016). 90% of the rural and 30% of the urban population depends upon groundwater for their domestic requirements (SHAH ET AL., 2003). It results in basin fills, canals, and uninhibited bacteria can function as a resourceful pollutant rivers acting as storehouses of groundwater carrier due to its coagulating property and (CHANKAO ET AL., 1987) In this particular study, complimentary surface area (RAVIKUMAR ET AL., 2013; the groundwater of Peenya industrial area was PRAKASH & SOMASHEKAR, 2006). The quality of water present in any water body Bengaluru receives about 97 cm of rain annually and depends upon the rainfall, erosion, surface is land-locked with Kolar and Chikkabalapur in run-off, crusting and precipitation and depends the northeast region, Tumkur in the northwest, on the ecological factors such as evapotranspiration, Mandya and Ramanagaram in the southeast and population growth and related agricultural and Mysore and Tamil Nadu in the south
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