Abstract
This paper presents a study on the robotic harvesting of New Mexico type chile pepper, in a laboratory setting, using a five degrees of freedom (DoF) serial manipulator. The end-effector of the manipulator, a scissor-type cutting mechanism, was devised and experimentally tested in a lab setup which cuts the chile stem to detach the fruit. Through a MATLAB™-based program, the location of the chile pepper is estimated in the robot’s reference frame, using Intel RealSense Depth Camera. The accuracy of the 3D location estimation system matches the maximum accuracy claimed by the manufacturer of the hardware, with a maximum error to be in Y-axis, which is 5.7 mm. The forward and inverse kinematics are developed, and the reachable and dexterous workspaces of the robot are studied. An application-based path planning algorithm is developed to minimize the travel for a specified harvesting task. The robotic harvesting system was able to cut the chile pepper from the plant based on 3D location estimated by MATLAB™ program. On the basis of harvesting operation, on 77 chile peppers, the following harvesting indicators were achieved: localization success rate of 37.7%, detachment success rate of 65.5%, harvest success rate of 24.7%, damage rate of 6.9%, and cycle time of 7 s.
Highlights
Chile pepper, as the signature crop of the state of New Mexico (NM), plays an important role for many small acreage growers in the predominately Hispanic and NativeAmerican population areas in the state [1,2]
Some of the other simplifying assumptions we made in this work include: (1) fruits are fully exposed to the computer vision and the robot; (2) average geometrical features of chile pepper pods were used for the robot positioning; and (3) the stems are vertically oriented
This paper presents a feasibility study on the robotic harvesting for chile pepper, in a laboratory setting, using a 5-degrees of freedom (DoF) serial manipulator
Summary
The accuracy of the 3D location estimation system matches the maximum accuracy claimed by the manufacturer of the hardware, with a maximum error to be in Y-axis, which is 5.7 mm. The forward and inverse kinematics are developed, and the reachable and dexterous workspaces of the robot are studied. An application-based path planning algorithm is developed to minimize the travel for a specified harvesting task. The robotic harvesting system was able to cut the chile pepper from the plant based on 3D location estimated by MATLABTM program. On the basis of harvesting operation, on 77 chile peppers, the following harvesting indicators were achieved: localization success rate of. Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations
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