Abstract
In recent years, bacterial and fungal diseases are common problems in many chicken breeder farms. This natural herbal medicine, Oregano, has antibacterial and antifungal activities, so it is necessary to note that these therapeutic effects have been approved in most valid pharmacopeias. Active ingredients of this herb have synergistic effects and can intensify the therapeutic of each others. The scientific name is Thymus vulgaris and classified in family Labiateae. It contained phenolic compounds with high anti–bacterial and anti-fungal effects in breeder chickens. The most important of them are thymol, carvacrol, paracymol, cineol and essential oil. It can prevent and treatment bacterial and fungal diseases and also it has probiotic effects. Previous studies have shown that mechanism of action for anti-bacterial and anti-fungal effects are related to their effect on cell membrane. Experimental tests showed that 0.1 solution of oregano reduced the growth of the following pathogens as 95-99.5%: 1- Candida albicans 2- Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3- Salmonella typhimurium 4- Staphylococcus aureus 5- Streptococcus faecalis. In this herb, the mechanism of action is to change the permeability of pathogen cell membrane for potassium. This herbal medicine can be used for prevention of growing bacteria and fungi in poultry feed and it can be used for treating bacterial and fungal diseases. Experimental tests show that oregano as a solution in drinking water reduces symptoms of infectious coryza disease in poultry and affects on Ornitobacterium Rhinotracheal bacterial disease (ORT) in breeder chickens as well. The results show that rate of mortality reduced and gain of weight is better than controls. This herbal medicine should be used in the beginning of symptoms of infectious diseases and its dosage depends on the age of flock. It has been recommended to dissolve one liter of pure form of oregano in one thousand liters of water.
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