Abstract
Since the demands of electricity and town-gas in Japan vary with season and time-of-day, primarily due to change of the heating demand, recently their supplies get quite costly and unstable as well. This paper investigates the measures for leveling their loads by taking the Kinki District in Japan at the year of 2000 as study area. In the first part, a model of linear programming type is developed. Optimal scenarios indicate that a certain cooperation of the energy industries, through a pricing mechanism, improves their load-factors remarkably by introducing some new apparatus. However, it is also made clear that the LP type model has no power for deciding a time-of-use (TOU) rate necessary to put the optimal scenarios to practical use. Thus, in the second part, a consumers’ behavioral model under the TOU rate is developed. It is a probit model, and then it is different completely from other models based upon welfare economics. The results of simulation show that adoption of the TOU rate can much promote the combined use of various sorts of energy in a favorable way.
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