Abstract
This study investigates the behavior of air supply in tunnels with multiple vertical shafts during fire incidents, focusing on natural ventilation dynamics. Numerical simulation is utilized to analyze the effect of different variables on air supply within vertical shafts. The findings reveal that the position of the smoke front significantly influences the direction and flow rate of gases during fire development. The mass flow rate of air supply during the stable fire development stage is influenced by the geometric size and positioning of vertical shafts, with shafts closer to the fire source exhibiting higher air flow rates. To address this issue, this study introduces a predictive model for estimating air flow rates in vertical shafts. This model exhibits a high level of accuracy when compared to simulations, offering a reliable method for predicting air flow rates based on the geometric characteristics of vertical shafts. Overall, this research contributes to understanding the complexities of air supply in tunnels with multiple vertical shafts, aiding in the improvement of natural ventilation strategies during fire incidents.
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