Abstract
AbstractStreptococcus mutans(S. mutans) has been identified as a major etiologic agent of human dental caries and forms a significant proportion of oral streptococci in carious lesions. This study investigates the correlation of surface properties (effect of contact angle [CA] and free surface energy) on three restorative materials (zirconia, nickel–chromium–molybdenum alloy and composites) used in dental prosthetics with bacterial adhesion toS. mutans. Ten samples of each material (zirconia, nickel–chromium–molybdenum alloy and composites) of 8 mm diameter and 2.5 mm thickness were used. Aqueous CA measurements, free surface energy and bacterial adhesion to the sample surfaces were performed. Bacterial adhesion is determined by planting samples in the blood agar cultures and using an electron microscope (scanning electron microscopy [SEM]). The highest values of bacterial adhesion are found in composites, followed by the metal alloy, while the lowest values are observed in zirconia. Measurements show that zirconia has 17 bacteria; Ni–Cr–Mo alloy has 65, while the composite has 80 bacteria. The composites showed the highest degree of bacterial adhesion, compared to the other investigated materials, which correlates with the free surface energy of the samples (24.31 mJ/m2for zirconia, 31.78 mJ/m2for Ni–Cr–Mo alloy and 48.82 mJ/m2for the composite).
Highlights
Dental implants and prosthodontic restorations are one of the most routinely used treatment options for the replacement of missing teeth [1,2,3]
This study investigates the correlation of surface characteristics on three restorative materials used in dental prosthetics with bacterial adhesion
Based on the provided results, it is observed that the surfaces of all three materials are remarkably different
Summary
Dental implants and prosthodontic restorations are one of the most routinely used treatment options for the replacement of missing teeth [1,2,3]. Once the implant surfaces are exposed to the human oral cavity, they are promptly colonized by microorganisms [4,5,6,7]. The biological response to the dental implants or prosthodontic restorations is determined by a number of physical and chemical features. These features include mechanical properties and physiochemical properties such as chemical composition, surface energy, surface wettability and surface topography [8]. Microscopic studies of early dental plaque formations have shown adhesion of the initial colonized bacteria along the cracks and pits in the enamel, indicating the influence of surface structure on bacterial adhesion [9]
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