A study on the adverse effects of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) for renal stones

Abstract

Objective To study the reason and the preventive measures that adverse effects of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) for renal stones during treatment. Methods From April 2015 to January 2016, 165 patients who underwent ESWL treatment for renal stones were enrolled this retrospective study. All patients were in supine position. Direction of shockwave was by the path of preabdomen. The adverse effects during treatment were observed. The related factors were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis . Results There were 70 cases(42.4%) with pain, 10 cases(6.1%) with cold sweat, 8 cases (4.8%) with accelerated heart rate, 5 cases(3.0%)with descent of heart rate, 2 cases (1.2%) with nausea and vomiting. In the univariate Logistic regression analysis, four variables (BMI, history of ESWL treatment, stone location and energy) were found showing statistical significance. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the final significant related factors were BMI<24.0 kg/m2(OR=4.155, CI 1.373-12.571), history of ESWL treatment(OR=0.163, CI 0.058-0.454), stone in pelvis(OR=123.051, CI 17.638-858.439), stone in middle calyceal(OR=169.171, CI 29.677-964.343), energy 86.3-94.7J(OR=0.094, CI 0.025-0.362). Conclusions Pain was the most common adverse effect during the treatment of ESWL. Stone location (pelvis and middle calyceal) was an independent risk factor, BMI<24.0 kg/m2 was one of the related risk factors. Both energy 86.3-94.7J and history of ESWL treatment were preventive factors. Key words: Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy; Pain; Adverse effects; Risk factors; Preventive measures