A study on the adsorption characteristics of cadmium and zinc onto acidic and alkaline soils

Abstract

The adsorption of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) with similar chemical properties is examined onto three soil samples: one is alkaline and the others are acidic. The distribution coefficient (K d) and the Freundlich constant (K F) for Zn are slightly higher than those for Cd, implying that the adsorption affinity of Zn is a little greater and less mobile. However, Cd and Zn usually show comparable results in the kinetic, isotherm, and envelope experiments. The adsorption of the heavy metals is relatively rapid and the reaction is almost completed within 15 min. The kinetics for both Cd and Zn are very well explained by the parabolic diffusion model. The maximum adsorption of the heavy metals is obtained at high pH, high temperature, and low ionic strength. The adsorption capacity on the alkaline soil is more significantly affected by the temperature as compared to the acidic soil. It is found that the adsorption affinity of the two heavy metals is mainly affected by the soil properties, such as pH, pHPZC, organic matter, and total carbon. It is also confirmed that the chemical properties of the heavy metals are important factors in their adsorption onto soil. The adsorption isotherms of Cd and Zn are well described in both Freundlich and Langmuir models at the usual pH (soil pH). Under acidic and alkaline pHs, however, only the Freundlich model describes the adsorption of both heavy metals satisfactorily.