Abstract
The medium-voltage direct-current (MVDC) electrical energy system has attracted increasing attention because of its high energy density and low carbon potential. Accurately characterizing, measuring, and monitoring the DC voltage and current are crucial for the control, protection, and energy metering of the MVDC system. Nonetheless, so far, neither industry nor academia has reached no consensus on the technical specifications of voltage and current measurement apparatuses for the MVDC systems. This paper analyzes the technical specifications of voltage and current measurement apparatuses for typical ±10kV MVDC systems considering the systems requirements and compares the adaption of the voltage and current sensors. Typical two-terminal and four-terminal MVDC system simulation models are constructed. The events that would generate the worst transient waveforms are modeled respectively to figure out the technical specifications for the control, protection, and metering systems. The closed-loop tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) based current sensor and the resistors-based voltage divider are proposed as the most suitable apparatuses for MVDC system measurements. The research results can guide the research of sensors for MVDC systems and provide references for engineering applications.
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