A Study on Reversible Data Hiding Technique Based on Three-Dimensional Prediction-Error Histogram Modification and a Multilayer Perceptron

Chih-Chieh Hung,Hsien-Chu Wu,Chuang-Chieh Lin,Chia-Wei Lin

doi:10.3390/app12052502

Abstract

In the past few years, with the development of information technology and the focus on information security, many studies have gradually been aimed at data hiding technology. The embedding and extraction algorithms are mainly used by the technology to hide the data that requires secret transmission into a multimedia carrier so that the data transmission cannot be realized to achieve secure communication. Among them, reversible data hiding (RDH) is a technology for the applications that demand the secret data extraction as well as the original carrier recovery without distortion, such as remote medical diagnosis or military secret transmission. In this work, we hypothesize that the RDH performance can be enhanced by a more accurate pixel value predictor. We propose a new RDH scheme of prediction-error expansion (PEE) based on a multilayer perceptron, which is an extensively used artificial neural network in plenty of applications. The scheme utilizes the correlation between image pixel values and their adjacent pixels to obtain a well-trained multilayer perceptron so that we are capable of achieving more accurate pixel prediction results. Our data mapping method based on the three-dimensional prediction-error histogram modification uses all eight octants in the three-dimensional space for secret data embedding. The experimental results of our RDH scheme show that the embedding capacity greatly increases and the image quality is still well maintained.

Highlights

Data hiding is an available technique to deal with secure communication so that the secure data is imperceptibly embedded without drawing attention [2]
From the above points of view, the methods based on histogram modification, especially prediction-error expansion (PEE) based on prediction-error histogram (PEH) modification, have better embedding performance than other methods
The most common strategy to measure the image quality is the calculation of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) function which is defined as PSNR = 10 · log10

Summary

Introduction

With the rapid development of information technology, the internet has been ubiquitous in the world. Thanks to the development of optical communication systems (see [1] for more discussions), people can communicate with each other and share multimedia messages, including texts, sound, images, videos, etc. The internet provides much more impact on human society than any other medium, while at the same time, issues regarding information security have received considerable and critical attention. Data hiding is an available technique to deal with secure communication so that the secure data is imperceptibly embedded without drawing attention [2]. The multimedia is used as a cover carrier to hide secret data which will be transmitted in the internet

Results

Discussion

Conclusion