Abstract
Extended spectrum b-lactamases (ESBLs) are one of the major enzymes responsible for antimicrobial drug resistance in bacterial isolates. The objective of this study was to find out the ESBL genes (blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M) in Enterobacteriaceae. This study was conducted from November 2013 to October 2015. The identification of Enterobacteriaceae isolates & antimicrobial drug resistance was done by conventional standard microbial methods. Further genotypic detection of ESBL was done by multiplex PCR. Results: Among 942 Enterobacteriaceae isolates, 332 (35.24%) isolates was ESBL producers. We observed high prevalence of ESBL enzyme in Klebsiella pneumonia (59.09%). These isolate revealed high resistance to co-trimoxazole, fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides. Out of 48 randomly selected isolates, ESBL genes were identified in 45 isolates which were found resistant to third generation cephalosporins. Single CTX-M gene noticed in 29 strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli), 02 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 01 strain of Proteus mirabilis. Occurrence of Combination of the genes e.g., (blaTEM+blaCTX-M), (blaSHV+blaCTX-M), (blaTEM+blaSHV+blaCTX-M) was detected in 08, 01 and 04 isolates respectively. Multiplex PCR in CTX-M carrying isolates revealed the presence of blaCTX-M group-1. The most common blaCTX-M group-1 was observed in all isolates of family Enterobacteriaceae. Antimicrobial drug resistance is a major problem of concern now a day. Studies like this will be helpful to knowing the burden of multi drug resistance as well as formulating antibiotics policy for a particular region.
Highlights
The β-lactamases are the groups of enzymes that open up the β-lactam ring by supplementing a water molecule to the β-lactam bond, and this disables the β-lactam antibiotics
The objective of this study was to find out the Extended spectrum b-lactamases (ESBLs) genes in Enterobacteriaceae
Studies like this will be helpful to knowing the burden of multi drug resistance as well as formulating antibiotics policy for a particular region
Summary
The β-lactamases are the groups of enzymes that open up the β-lactam ring by supplementing a water molecule to the β-lactam bond, and this disables the β-lactam antibiotics. The CTX-M type beta lactamases have become more important and groups in molecular class A β-lactamases, most of the ESBLs are mutants of the TEM and the SHV enzymes. It becomes essential to find out the prevalence of ESBL producing strains in a geographical area because it can help in judicious use of antibiotics and can guide the empirical therapy. In this consideration this study was planned in, Government Medical College and Dr Susheela Tiwari Government Hospital, Haldwani to explore ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates from different clinical samples
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