A study on perinatal outcome in oligohydramnios

Abstract

Background: In Normal Pregancies, the volume of amniotic fluid increases to about one litre at 36 weeks maximum level. Amniotic fluid volume rises progressively during gestation until 36 weeks, the mean amniotic fluid volume relatively consistent in the level of 700-800ml. After 40 weeks there is a progressive decline of amniotic fluid volume at a rate of 8% per week, with amniotic fluid volume averaging about 400ml at 42 wks. The clinical picture of reduced amniotic volume is termed oligohydramnios. This present study is undertaken to asses the perinatal outcome in Amniotic fluid index of 5 cm or less (oligohydramnios) in term pregnancies.Objective: To determine the perinatal outcome in term pregnancies with Amniotic fluid index 5cms was carried out in, Government Kilpauk Medical College Hospital during the period of February 20016 to January 2017.Sample Size: About 150 cases in AFI < 5cms (Study Group) And 150 Cases in Control Group (AFI > 5cms).Results: In this study perinatal outcome in AFI 5cm or less compared with control group. About 150 cases were studied in each group. 87% in study group & 93% in control group were in the age group 20 - 30yrs.Conclusion: Oligohydramnios with reactive NST is associated with good prognosis (Good apgar, decreased NICU admission & neonatal death).Oligohydramnios with non reactive NST needs careful monitoring and eventuates in early delivery. It increases the incidence of caesarean delivery for fetal distress, NICU admission, low apgar at 5 mins and Neonatal death.Oligohydramnios associated with IUGR carries a poor perinatal outcome (Increased neonatal death, NICU admission, increased rate of CS for fetal distress, very low birth weight) Hence they need good neonatal care.