Abstract
Introduction: Retainers are used after all orthodontic treatment, to prevent or minimize relapse and recurrence. Among various retainers used, Hawley retainer and ‘invisible’ retainers are the most common. Most of the orthodontists favored permanent retention. It is obvious that the retention procedures are variable and depended largely on personal preferences, and there does not seem to be any consistent pattern in the application of retention methodologies. The purpose of this study was to survey the retention protocols among orthodontists in Nepal. Materials and Method: The complete lists of the names and addresses of orthodontists in Nepal was obtained from the ODOAN. The questionnaire was sent to them which consisted of multiple-choice questions and short answer, related to background information of the individual orthodontist, retention use in general, the frequency of different types of bonded or removable retainers that are used, the retention protocol, the type of retainer used in specific situation. All statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 12.0.1 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, Illinois, USA) Result: The survey questionnaires were completed by 90.42% of the 94 orthodontists of Nepal, 58.8% males and 41.2% females with a mean age of 36.7 years. Most of the orthodontists used a clear (vacuum) retainer (80%) in the maxilla and fixed bonded retainer in the mandible. Most of them prefer the use of retainer for a continuous 24 hours except during eating and brushing for 6 months to 1 year (56.5%) and if possible, for 1 to 2 years (28.2%). Conclusion: Majority of Nepalese orthodontists provide vacuum formed retainer on maxillary arch and bonded retainer in mandibular arch. There is no specific consensus on other type of retainers, duration of wear and follow up visits which is affected by various other factors.
Highlights
Retainers are used after all orthodontic treatment, to prevent or minimize relapse and recurrence
There is no specific consensus on other type of retainers, duration of wear and follow up visits which is affected by various other factors
In the same survey Keim et al found that as compared to two prior surveys, conducted in 1990 and 1996, the respondents favoured more permanent retention, 27% in 2002 compared to 15% in 1990 and 23% in 1996.1 But, as the rate of respondents was only 9% the results could not be conclusive. Another survey conducted in New Zealand and Australia by Wong et al showed that the most commonly used retainer was clear retainers for upper and canine-to-canine bonded retainers for lower arch.[2]
Summary
Retainers are used after all orthodontic treatment, to prevent or minimize relapse and recurrence. In the same survey Keim et al found that as compared to two prior surveys, conducted in 1990 and 1996, the respondents favoured more permanent retention, 27% in 2002 compared to 15% in 1990 and 23% in 1996.1 But, as the rate of respondents was only 9% the results could not be conclusive. Another survey conducted in New Zealand and Australia by Wong et al showed that the most commonly used retainer was clear retainers for upper and canine-to-canine bonded retainers for lower arch.[2] In the survey almost half of the orthodontists used the retainers for a median period of 2 years. The study concluded that the retention procedures were variable and depended largely on personal preferences, and there does not seem to be any consistent pattern
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