A study on ocular manifestations of skin disorders- At a tertiary care centre

Abstract

To study the prevalence, ocular manifestations and also analyse the frequency and distribution of the potential sight threatening lesions in the various type of common skin disorders at tertiary care centre. 40 patients were studied in the Department of ophthalmology from January 2019 to December 2019. Of the 40 patients that were included in our study,12(30%) had Neurofibromatosis type-1,10(25%) patients had Psoriasis,8(20%) patients had Steven-Johnson syndrome,6(15%) patients had herpes Zoster ophthalmicus and 4(10%) patients ocular cicatricial pemphigoid. Neurofibromatosis type-1 was found to be more common among males and 50% patients presented within the age group of 21-40 years of age. Lisch nodules were seen in all the patients with neurofibromatosis type-1 and nodular neurofibromas were seen 91.7% patients.Conjunctival freckles and sphenoid wing dysplasia were seen in 1 patient Patients with Psoriasis showed a male predominance accounting for 60% whereas female accounted for 40%.the commonest age group affected by psoriasis 21-40 years seen in 60% of the patients. Among the patients with psoriasis, blepharoconjucntivitis was the most common manifestation seen in 5(50%) patients followed by keratoconjuntivitis sicca in 3(30%) patients and chronic anterior uveitis in 2(20%) patients Male preponderance was noted in patients with Steven-Johnson syndrome and majority (62.5%) of the patients were in the age group of 21-40 years. Bilateral, symmetrical involvement was seen in 87.5% of patients with Steven-Johnson syndrome.Drugs were the most common etiological agent seen in 62.5% of patients. Lid manifestations werebthe most common among those with Stevens-Johnson syndrome accounting for 62.5% patients. Males dominated the clinical scenario among the patients with herpes zoster ophthalmicus accounting for 66.67% of patients with a peak during 21-40 years of age. Preceding the eruption, pain was the commonest prodromal symptom seen in 50% patients followed by burning sensation and fever. Females were affected in 75% patients with ocular cicatricial premhigoid and they presented beyond 60 years of age with conjunctivitis in 50% patients followed by entropion and trichiasis.We conclude that, ocular involvement in skin disease is an common feature could be major component for the development of various systemic skin disorders.