Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD), predominately manifest in older individuals, is a devastating disease precisely because an otherwise healthy person in the prime of life may die or become disabled without warning. When the afflicted individual is under the age of 40, the tragic consequences for family, friends, and occupation are particularly catastrophic and unexpected. Fortunately, the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) and symptomatic CAD in young adults is low; most studies show that only about 3% of all CAD cases occur in this age range. Premature CAD is defined as cardiac events occurring before the age of 45 in men and 55 in women. In its severe form it is defined as CAD occurring below the age of 40 years. Prematurity and severity suggests that the disease starts at an early age and has a malignant course. In this study, we aim to investigate the major risk factor (smoking, Hypertension, Diabetes and dyslipidemia ) as defined by ACC-AHA pattern in ACS patient 40years or below admitted in Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre (SGNHC) from April 2008 to April 2009. There were all together 54 ACS patients, male 44(81%) and female 10(19%). HTN is the risk factor which was more commonly diagnosed and treated, while Dyslipidemia, DM and IFG were not usually diagnosed in young patient before they were diagnosed CAD. Dyslipidemia was the most common comprising 83.3% followed by HTN 70%, smoking 70%, abnormal blood glucose level 50%, DM in 22.2% while IFG in 27.7 %. High total cholesterol (48%) is the common form of dyslipidemia followed by high LDL (44.4%), low HDL in 31.4%. When non modifiable risk factor family history is excluded, 85% of the patients have two or more risk factors of CAD. When smoking along with family history is excluded 94.5% of the patients have 1 or more risks factors for CAD. Nepalese Heart Journal | Volume 7 | No.1 | November 2010 (special issue) | Page 20-24 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njh.v7i1.8497
Highlights
Coronary artery disease (CAD), predominately manifest in older individuals, is a devastating disease precisely because an otherwise healthy person in the prime of life may die or become disabled without warning
Hypertension is the risk factor which was more commonly diagnosed and treated, while Dyslipidemia,DM and Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) were not usually diagnosed in young patient before they were diagnosed as having CAD.(Table 2)This shows that patient and physician were not aware in the diagnosis and management of risk factors
It is a known fact that study of CAD and its risk factors in young individuals is important in the current era of preventive cardiology
Summary
Coronary artery disease (CAD), predominately manifest in older individuals, is a devastating disease precisely because an otherwise healthy person in the prime of life may die or become disabled without warning. Premature CAD is defined as cardiac events occurring before the age of 45 in men and 55 in women. In its severe form it is defined as CAD occurring below the age of 40 years. Prematurity and severity suggests that the disease starts at an early age and has a malignant course. A number of previous epidemiological studies have established the relationship between risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and glucose intolerance and the occurrence of coronary artery disease (CAD).[8,9] A recent report from the World Health Organization has demonstrated that smoking, high blood pressure (HTN),and dyslipidemia are the most important risk factors for CAD10. In this study we aim to investigate the major risk factors in young ACS patients
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