A Study on IoT in the Agriculture Domain with Future Directions

Abstract

The rapid change in population is increasing, which is predicted to reach 9.6 billion people by 2050. Due to rapid change in the population, extreme weather conditions, deteriorating soil, and drying lands, collapsing ecosystems that play a crucial role in agriculture make food production harder and harder. And leading towards increasing demand for food, both in terms of quantity and quality, is a challenging task. Despite these challenges, agribusiness is to develop and deliver within the cultivate and provide it to the end consumers with the most excellent conceivable cost and best conceivable quality. The agriculture IoT market is expected to be worth USD 20.9 billion by 2024, whereas it was 12.7 billion USD in 2019. To overcome these challenges, and encouraging humans to improve agriculture yields using modern information and communication technology, IoT-based technology will turn the traditional farming to smart farming with sensor and other devices. It helps in enhancing the productivity of agribusiness, optimizes the input resources (water, fertilizers, seeds), identifying disease and infections in crops, crop growth monitoring, automated irrigation, and increased quality and reduced time and cost. Precision farming, drone-based monitoring, livestock monitoring, the smart greenhouse is the well-known application of IoT-based agriculture that aims growth not only traditional agriculture at a larger scale but also encourage the tendency of greenhouse farming, organic farming, and small-scale gardening. Apart from the services improving the agriculture with least human intervention and cost, connectivity, design, and durability of the network, and limited resources are significant issues 140that require closer attention. The full application of IoT in agriculture will truly achieve efficient and smart farming techniques and, notably, contribute to solving the world’s food problem with an increasing population. These applications of the internet of things (IoT) in agriculture promises automated and data-driven processes. These benefits do not act as an improvement over the traditional era of agriculture, but instead, provide the solutions for the whole industry confronting the application with agriculture.