Abstract
Fluorine is widely dispersed in nature in the form of fluoride. It is required for development and growth of the body. But excessive consumption of fluorides in different forms may lead to development of fluorosis. In the present study Mashihal village, Raichur District was selected to evaluate human health risks of fluoride contamination in Groundwater samples to understand its suitability for drinking purpose. In addition to this, health risks of prolonged ingestion of high fluoride were evaluated by standard survey and questionnaires method. The obtained results witnessed that in this village, people suffering from Dental, Skeletal and non-skeletal fluorosis. Groundwater chemistry is mainly controlled by presence of types of carbonates and weathering of rocks. Consequently the results reveal that the fluoride concentration in groundwater samples ranged from 4.6 to 6.4 ppm in Mashihal, which was significantly higher than the recommended limit of BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards) 0.5-1.5 mg/l. While low levels of fluoride help strengthen and protect tooth enamel, moreover much fluoride can cause dental fluorosis—a discoloration of teeth, usually with opaque white marks, lines, or mottled enamel and poor mineralization. Thus, Population of this area is at very high risks of chronic toxicity by excess fluoride intake. Therefore, there is an urgent need to supply of safe drinking water to public.
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