Abstract
Unreinforced masonry (URM) walls, found in most historical buildings in Indonesia, are relatively brittle with wide variety of material properties. The behaviour of URM walls is very complex, especially when subjected to seismic excitation. In this research, a finite element modelling was set up in order to analyse the seismic performance of URM wall experimental test units, with and without strengthening material. The analysis was conducted using SAP2000 computer program. Three dimensional solids and springs as link connectors were assigned to represent the masonry behaviour. This research aims to compare results obtained from the computer analysis and the previously conducted laboratory experiments. The effectiveness of Kevlar fibre material, which was installed on both wall surfaces and modelled as truss element was also investigated. It was found that the failure mechanisms shown by the SAP2000 model was similar to the laboratory test results. The use of Kevlar Fibre as strengthening material was found able to significantly increase the stiffness and shear capacity of the URM wall.
Highlights
Masonry is a complex material with a wide range of property values and various characteristics of failure
A correlation between shear and elastic modulus in masonry, Gm=0.4Em was suggested in many national codes and literatures, including FEMA 273 [8] and Paulay [9]
This research project aims to compare the results obtained from the computer analysis with previously conducted experimental results
Summary
Masonry is a complex material with a wide range of property values and various characteristics of failure. A solid element which has three degrees of freedom and six possible stress components is the most suitable choice to be applied in FEM that has high importance in transverse shear deformation Miscellaneous elements, such as spring, mass, and rigid link, are supporting elements to represent mechanical modelling of structure. The study was focused on the capacity curve and the distribution of solid element stresses through the wall Another intention of this research was to identify the shear strength enhancement by using a Kevlar fibre as an option in masonry retrofitting. Test Unit-2 was a Test Unit-1 model, which was strengthened by aramid fibre containing Kevlar material (type AK40) It was applied as truss element in vertical, horizontal, and diagonal direction on both sides of the wall.
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