Abstract
Energy is an extremely critical resource for battery-powered wireless sensor networks (WSN), thus making energy-efficient protocol design a key challenging problem. Most of the existing energy-efficient routing protocols always forward packets along the minimum energy path to the sink to merely minimize energy consumption, which causes an unbalanced distribution of forming residue energy among sensor nodes, and eventually results in a network partition. In this paper, with the help of the concept of potential in physics, we design an Energy-Balanced Routing Protocol (EBRP) by constructing a mixed virtual potential field in terms of depth, energy density, and residual energy. The goal of this basic approach is to force packets to move toward the sink through the dense energy area to protect the nodes with relatively low residual energy. To address the routing loop problem emerging in this basic algorithm, enhanced mechanisms are proposed to detect and eliminate loops. The basic algorithm and loop elimination mechanism are first validated through extensive simulation experiments.Â
Highlights
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are deployed to carry out various applications, such as environmental monitoring, industrial control, disaster recovery, and battlefield surveillance
The energy-efficient routing protocols always forward packets along the minimum energy path to the sink to merely minimize energy consumption, which causes an unbalanced distribution of residual energy among sensor nodes, and eventually results in a network partition
Most of the existing energy efficient routing protocols always forward packets along the minimum energy path to the sink to merely minimize energy consumption which causes an unbalanced distribution of residual energy among sensor nodes and eventually results in a network partition
Summary
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are deployed to carry out various applications, such as environmental monitoring, industrial control, disaster recovery, and battlefield surveillance. The question arises whether it is sufficient to focus only on the energy efficiency while designing routing protocols for WSNs or other objectives such as network lifetime and coverage should be taken into account Such imbalance of energy consumption imbalance is definitely undesirable for the long-term health of the network. Many nodes in the network typically use a multi-hop mode to communicate with each other during the transmission, and parts of them both collect data and forwarding packets Such as the nodes near the base station have to undertake more transmission data load and raise the energy consumption than the others, these nodes premature depletion of the nodal energy may result in disjointing of the network, which caused the energy hole. To prolong the lifecycle of wireless sensor network, the key nodes which consume the maximum energy must be focus on design to balance network energy consumption, reduce energy hole
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