Abstract
Introduction: ESKAPE pathogens include Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pnuemonia, Acienetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter species. Currently all these organisms are the main cause of hospital infections globally and they have the property to effectively escape the effect of antibacterial drugs. Unstoppable success of these superbugs will lead to unwinnable war. The success of these pathogens is mainly because of the mutations, modifications of LPS. As the crisis for the antibiotic resistance continues to grow, the latest IDSA (infectious disease society of America) “Bad Bugs, No Drugs” reports the urge for new antibiotics in the research and development pipeline and proposes steps to tackle the shortage. Objective: The aim of the study was to characterize the antimicrobial resistance in ESKAPE pathogens isolated from 330 culture positive clinical sample. Method: Antibiotic resistance was determined by VITEK 2 and manual method was done on Kirby baurer method. MIC was determined by VITEK 2 and E-Test according to CLSI guidelines. Result: Out of the total cases 63 percent of the culture has ESKAPE pathogens. Except for S. aureus multidrug resistance index of ESKAPE pathogens revealed on increasing trend. Conclusion: ESKAPE pathogens are commonly identified in alarming frequency and knowledge of antimicrobial resistance will be aided for empirical treatment.
Highlights
ESKAPE pathogens include Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pnuemonia, Acienetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter species
The importance of ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) to the establishment and promotion of antimicrobial resistance in hospitalized patients was first recognized in a 2008 publication by Rice [13]
The morbidity and mortality associated with Gram-negative ESKAPE pathogens is concerning as new antimicrobial agents, with spectra of activity that reliably encompass multidrug-resistant and pan-resistant Gram-negative isolates, have not appeared in as timely a manner as hoped [14] and nosocomial infections remain a constant concern for patient health, for critically ill inpatients as well as for patients requiring placement of invasive devices or surgical procedures
Summary
ESKAPE pathogens include Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pnuemonia, Acienetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter species. All these organisms are the main cause of hospital infections globally and they have the property to effectively escape the effect of antibacterial drugs. Unstoppable success of these superbugs will lead to unwinnable war. IDSA (Infectious Disease Society of America) reported these as the ESKAPE pathogens Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter species) these are responsible for the majority of hospital acquired infections and they effectively “ESCAPE” the effects of antibacterial drugs. Data from the centre for disease control and preventions show a rapid increase in the rate of infection due to Methicillin– resistant S.aureus (MRSA), Vancomycin– resistant E.faecium, and fluoroquinolone-resistant P.aeruginosa [4]
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