Abstract
Power output fluctuation of photovoltaic power generation systems (PVSs) may cause negative impacts on the existing electric power system when the penetration of PVSs is quite large. A micro-grid consisting of clustered PVSs and a battery system would be one of the promising measures against negative impacts of clustered PVSs, while the capacity of battery system should be reduced as much as possible from the economic point of view. Because of the difference in output fluctuation among PVSs in the various locations, the total output fluctuations of PVSs would be relaxed due to the so-called “smoothing-effect”. By using data on solar irradiance simultaneously observed at five points, this study evaluates the total output fluctuation of several micro-grids and the required capacity of battery system, taking the smoothing effect into account. The main results are as follows. The balancing control is accomplished with the acceptable error by using the small capacity of battery system, while small output fluctuation still remains in each micro-grid. In such the situation, because the total fluctuation of five micro-grids is not so large, the acceptable error in balancing control can be increased by a few percentages, resulting in reduction in the required maximum power of battery system by a few ten percentages.
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