A Study on Crime and Environmental Charateristics in Residential areas -Comparison of Net Residential Street and Neighborhood Complex Street

Abstract

본 연구는 범죄에 취약한 서민 밀집 주거지역을 대상으로 저층의 용도가다른 순수한 주거가로와 상점이 있는 근린생활복합가로로 분류하여 가로별환경특성에 따른 범죄발생특성을 살펴보는데 목적을 두고 있다. 이를 위하여가로의 동적특성, 시설특성, 공간특성들 간의 상관관계를 규명하고, 이러한 특성들이 범죄의 유형과 발생 시간대에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 첫째, 순 주거가로에서 가로수가 있는 대로변에서 절도 범죄를억제하는 결과가 나타났다. 반면 근린생활복합가로에서 상점은 조도와 유동인구의 상관성이 높게 나타났고 절도와 폭력 범죄에 높은 영향을 보였다. 둘째, 공간특성은 절도와 폭력 범죄와 관계가 나타났다. 순 주거가로에서 연결도는유동인구, 통제도는 CCTV, 국부통합도는 도로 교통량과 관련이 높았으며 근린생활복합가로에서 국부통합도는 유동인구와 관련이 높았다. 셋째, 시간대별범죄 발생을 보면 주로 밤(20~24시)과 심야(24~04시)에 범죄가 발생하였으며, 성폭력은 근린생활복합가로에서 높게 발생하였다. 강도는 순 주거가로에서 오전(07~12시)와 오후(12~18시) 사이에만 발생 되었고 근린생활복합가로에서는 균등하게 나타났다. 절도는 순 주거가로에서 강도와 같은 시간대에 많이 발생하였는데 밤(20~24)과 심야(24~04)시에 근린생활복합가로로 옮겨지는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 순 주거가로에서 저녁(18~20시)에 도로 교통량이 높을수록 절도 범죄가 낮아졌고 근린생활복합가로에서는 밤(20~24시) 시간대에 강도는 도로 교통량과 관련이 높지만 유동인구가 적은 곳에서 발생되었고절도는 상점과 폭력은 상점과 관련이 높으면서 유동인구가 많은 곳에서 발생되었다. 다섯째, CCTV의 설치 일자와 범죄 발생일을 분류하여 분석한 결과범죄 억제에 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.Population density refers the concentration of individuals within a geographic area and especially in South Korea, their density tend to be extremely high. Based on a data, increasing in population density leads to rise a crime rate of per capita of population. In general, The majority of crimes are committed in living spaces, threaten safety, one of human needs, and become a social problem. In this study, the correlation between dynamic characteristics, facility characteristics, and spatial characteristics of the street was investigated by classifying it into a pure residential street with different low-rise uses and a neighborhood living complex street with shops, targeting residential areas vulnerable to crime. Moreover, The purpose of each characteristic is to analyze the effect on the type of crime and the time of occurrence. As a result of the analysis, first, there was a result of deterring theft crimes on the boulevard with trees in the net residential street, and the correlation between the illuminance and the floating poplulation volume of the shops in the neighborhood complex street was high, and showed a high effect on the theft and violent crimes. Second, as a result of analyzing spatial characteristics, theft and violent crime were related to spatial characteristics. In the net residential street, Connectivity was related to the floating population, Control Value was related to CCTV, Local Integration was related to the traffic volume. In the neighborhood complex street, Local Intergration was related to the floating population. Third, when looking at the crimes by time period, crimes occurred mainly at night (20:00 to 24:00) and late at night (24:00 to 04:00), and sexual violence occurred high on the neighborhood complex street. The robbery occurred only between the morning (07-12 o clock) and afternoon (12-18 o clock) on the net residential street, In the neighborhood complex street, it appeared similarly in all time zones.Theft occurred a lot in the same time period as the robbery on the pure residential street, and it was found that the theft was transferred to the neighborhood living complex at night (20-24) and late night (24-04). Fourth, the higher the traffic volume in the evening (18:00~20:00) on the net residential street, the lower the theft crime. In the neighborhood complex street, the intensity at night (20:00~24:00) was highly related to the traffic volume and it occurred in a place with a small floating population. The theft was related to the store. Violence was highly related to shops and occurred in places with large floating populations Fifth, as a result of analyzing the CCTV installation date and crime occurrence date, it was found to be effective in deterring crime. In this study, there is a limit to predicting crime occurrence only with the environmental variables presented, but it is significant that the effect of the correlation of each variable on crime was investigated. However, there is a limitation in that the target site was limited to one place, and the analysis was focused on evening (20-22) and night (22-24), where crimes occur a lot, and excludes day and dawn.