Abstract
The main aim of this study is to investigate Aganonerion polymorphum leaf-ethyl acetate extract (APL-EAE) and its inhibiting effect for steel in ethanol fuel blend. The immersion test, electrochemical and surface analysis techniques were successfully carried out in this research. Scanning electron microscope images indicated that the ethanol fuel blend induced pitting corrosion of steel. Remarkably, the surface of the sample containing 1000 ppm APL-EAE is smoother than the others submerged in different conditions. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy result shows that APL-EAE has formed a good protective layer, preventing corrosive factors from hitting the steel surface. The potentiodynamic polarization data argue that the corrosion inhibition efficiency was strengthened with the increase of APL-EAE concentration. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrated less intensity of Fe peaks, higher intensity of C1s peak and the appearance of organic peaks (N1s, P2p, O1s) from specimens with and without APL-EAE addition. Therefore, the results suggest the formation of the protective film on steel surface and affirm that APL-EAE has served as an effective corrosion inhibitor for steel in ethanol fuel blend.
Highlights
Global warming and drastic changes in climatic conditions have been attracting more attention of governments
We focus on clarifying the inhibiting efficacy and the protective mechanisms of Aganonerion polymorphum leaf-ethyl acetate extract (APL-EAE) eco-friendly inhibitor on steel in ethanol fuel blend
This work showed the ability to use APL-EAE as an effective, green mixed corrosion inhibitor for steel in a simulated ethanol fuel blend environment
Summary
Global warming and drastic changes in climatic conditions have been attracting more attention of governments Scientists manifested that these phenomena have mainly brought the rise of greenhouse gas (CO2 , CH4 , and N2 O) emission due to human activities in which above half of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere originates from the burning of fossil fuels over the past 20 years [1,2]. Materials 2018, 11, 59 of limitations of current technology, the complete replacement of fossil fuels with biofuels is infeasible. To address this issue, the best possible solution is introducing ethanol fuel blend, as the mixture of bio-ethanol and traditional gasoline. Many blend levels of anhydrous bio-ethanol in ethanol fuel blend was labeled as E number; for example, well-known E10 fuel means there was 10% of bio-ethanol and
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