A study on behavior, diet patterns and physical activity among selected GDM and non-GDM women in south India

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Abstract Aim: Our aim is to study the behavior, diet, and physical activity patterns among gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and non-GDM women. Materials and Methods: A survey was conducted among GDM and non-GDM women from multispeciality hospitals and maternal clinics using a purposive sampling criterion. A validated interview schedule was used to obtain details of readiness for pregnancy, perception of managing pregnancy, concerns in pregnancy, degree of depression, food preferences, shopping of food, eating out, cooking, current nutrient intake, food consumption pattern, type, duration and frequency of physical activity, and rest periods of GDM and non-GDM women. Results: Majority of GDM and non-GDM women showed readiness for motherhood. GDM women exhibited greater confidence and importance toward making lifestyle changes during pregnancy. The pregnancy-related concerns were more common among GDM women. The mean energy and protein intake was lower than the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) among GDM women compared to their counterparts. On the contrary, carbohydrate consumption exceeded RDA among both groups. The total fat intake, including visible and invisible fat among GDM women, met the RDA; however, it exceeded the RDA among non-GDM women. The RDA for calcium, iron, and fiber showed significant difference compared to RDA among both groups. Physical activity patterns did not show any significant difference among GDM and non-GDM women and were unsatisfactory in both groups. Conclusion: The study recommends the need for psychological support, proper medical nutrition therapy, and adequate physical activity for GDM and non-GDM women.