Abstract
Filaments are studied by examining fast camera images on the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator. Fast cameras offer a unique perspective, revealing the complex 3D structure of filaments in the entire poloidal cross-section of the plasma. By correlating individual pixels, their location, shape, and movement are analyzed in standard and high-ι configurations. The presence of filaments is not uniform poloidally around. The number of active areas matches the number of magnetic islands in both configurations. Filaments are found to extend to multiple toroidal turns in standard configuration. No time delay is observed between the different toroidal sections. Such behavior is not seen in high-ι configuration. Filaments are observed within and without the edge shear layer, indicated by the direction of their poloidal rotation. Inside the shear layer, their velocity scatters around 1.25 km s−1, accompanied by a lifetime between 80 and 120 µs. Outside, their velocity shows greater absolute values and variance, but still in a few km s−1 range. The similarities and differences between the two configurations are discussed and compared to previous results.
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